Physiological parameters, indices and values
Physiological parameters, indices and values
Reference: USMLE book
Blood and Hematology
*
|
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
|
8ā20 U/L
|
8ā20 U/L
|
Amylase, serum
|
25ā125 U/L
|
25ā125 U/L
| |
*
|
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
|
8ā20 U/L
|
8ā20 U/L
|
Bilirubin, serum (adult) Total // Direct
|
0.1ā1.0 mg/dL // 0.0ā0.3 mg/dL
|
2ā17 µmol/L // 0ā5 µmol/L
| |
*
|
Calcium, serum (Ca2+)
|
8.4ā10.2 mg/dL
|
2.1ā2.8 mmol/L
|
*
|
Cholesterol, serum
|
Rec:<200 mg/dL
|
<5.2 mmol/L
|
Cortisol, serum
|
0800 h: 5ā23 µg/dL // 1600 h: 3ā15 µg/dL
|
138ā635 nmol/L // 82ā413 nmol/L
| |
2000 h: ⤠50% of 0800 h
|
Fraction of 0800 h: ⤠0.50
| ||
Creatine kinase, serum
|
Male: 25ā90 U/L
|
25ā90 U/L
| |
Female: 10ā70 U/L
|
10ā70 U/L
| ||
*
|
Creatinine, serum
|
0.6ā1.2 mg/dL
|
53ā106 µmol/L
|
Electrolytes, serum
| |||
Sodium (Na+)
|
136ā145 mEq/L
|
136ā145 mmol/L
| |
Chloride (Clā)
|
95ā105 mEq/L
|
95ā105 mmol/L
| |
*
|
Potassium (K+)
|
3.5ā5.0 mEq/L
|
3.5ā5.0 mmol/L
|
Bicarbonate (HCO3ā)
|
22ā28 mEq/L
|
22ā28 mmol/L
| |
Magnesium (Mg2+)
|
1.5ā2.0 mEq/L
|
0.75ā1.0 mmol/L
| |
Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy)
| |||
24ā28 wks // 32ā36 wks
|
30ā170 ng/mL // 60ā280 ng/mL
|
104ā590 // 208ā970 nmol/L
| |
28ā32 wks // 36ā40 wks
|
40ā220 ng/mL // 80ā350 ng/mL
| ||
Ferritin, serum
|
Male: 15ā200 ng/mL
|
15ā200 µg/L
| |
Female: 12ā150 ng/mL
|
12ā150 µg/L
| ||
Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma
|
Male: 4ā25 mIU/mL
|
4ā25 U/L
| |
Female: premenopause 4ā30 mIU/mL
|
4ā30 U/L
| ||
midcycle peak 10ā90 mIU/mL
|
10ā90 U/L
| ||
postmenopause 40ā250 mIU/mL
|
40ā250 U/L
| ||
Gases, arterial blood (room air)
| |||
pH
|
7.35ā7.45
|
[H+] 36ā44 nmol/L
| |
Pco2
|
33ā45 mm Hg
|
4.4ā5.9 kPa
| |
Po2
|
75ā105 mm Hg
|
10.0ā14.0 kPa
| |
*
|
Glucose, serum
|
Fasting: 70ā110 mg/dL
|
3.8ā6.1 mmol/L
|
2-h postprandial: < 120 mg/dL
|
< 6.6 mmol/L
| ||
Growth hormone - arginine stimulation
|
Fasting: < 5 ng/mL
|
< 5 µg/L
| |
provocative stimuli: > 7 ng/mL
|
> 7 µg/L
| ||
Immunoglobulins, serum
| |||
IgA
|
76ā390 mg/dL
|
0.76ā3.90 g/L
| |
IgE
|
0ā380 IU/mL
|
0ā380 kIU/L
| |
IgG
|
650ā1500mg/dL
|
6.5ā15 g/L
| |
IgM
|
40ā345 mg/dL
|
0.4ā3.45 g/L
| |
Iron
|
50ā170 µg/dL
|
9ā30 µmol/L
| |
Lactate dehydrogenase, serum
|
45ā90 U/L
|
45ā90 U/L
| |
Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma
|
Male: 6ā23 mIU/mL
|
6ā23 U/L
| |
Female: follicular phase 5ā30 mIU/mL
|
5ā30 U/L
| ||
midcycle 75ā150 mIU/mL
|
75ā150 U/L
| ||
postmenopause 30ā200 mIU/mL
|
30ā200 U/L
| ||
Osmolality, serum
|
275ā295 mOsmol/kg H2O
|
275ā295 mOsmol/kg H2O
| |
Parathyroid hormone, serum, N-terminal
|
230ā630 pg/mL
|
230ā630 ng/L
| |
*
|
Phosphatase (alkaline), serum (p-NPP at 30°C)
|
20ā70 U/L
|
20ā70 U/L
|
*
|
Phosphorus (inorganic), serum
|
3.0ā4.5 mg/dL
|
1.0ā1.5 mmol/L
|
Prolactin, serum (hPRL)
|
< 20 ng/mL
|
< 20 µg/L
| |
*
|
Proteins, serum
| ||
Total (recumbent)
|
6.0ā7.8 g/dL
|
60ā78 g/L
| |
Albumin
|
3.5ā5.5 g/dL
|
35ā55 g/L
| |
Globulin
|
2.3ā3.5 g/dL
|
23ā35 g/L
| |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum or plasma
|
0.5ā5.0 µU/mL
|
0.5ā5.0 mU/L
| |
Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake
|
8%ā30% of administered dose/24 h
| ||
Thyroxine (T4), serum
|
5ā12 µg/dL
|
64ā155 nmol/L
| |
Triglycerides, serum
|
35ā160 mg/dL
|
0.4ā1.81 mmol/L
| |
Triiodothyronine (T3), serum (RIA)
|
115ā190 ng/dL
|
1.8ā2.9 nmol/L
| |
Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake
|
25%ā35%
|
0.25ā0.35
| |
*
|
Urea nitrogen, serum
|
7ā18 mg/dL
|
1.2ā3.0 mmol/L
|
*
|
Uric acid, serum
|
3.0ā8.2 mg/dL
|
0.18ā0.48 mmol/L
|
Bleeding time (template)
|
2ā7 minutes
|
2ā7 minutes
|
Erythrocyte count
|
Male: 4.3ā5.9 million/mm3
|
4.3ā5.9 x 1012/L
|
Female: 3.5ā5.5 million/mm3
|
3.5ā5.5 x 1012/L
| |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren)
|
Male: 0ā15 mm/h
|
0ā15 mm/h
|
Female: 0ā20 mm/h
|
0ā20 mm/h
| |
Hematocrit
|
Male: 41%ā53%
|
0.41ā0.53
|
Female: 36%ā46%
|
0.36ā0.46
| |
Hemoglobin A1c
|
⤠6%
|
⤠0.06%
|
Hemoglobin, blood
|
Male: 13.5ā17.5 g/dL
|
2.09ā2.71 mmol/L
|
Female: 12.0ā16.0 g/dL
|
1.86ā2.48 mmol/L
| |
Hemoglobin, plasma
|
1ā4 mg/dL
|
0.16ā0.62 mmol/L
|
Leukocyte count and differential
| ||
Leukocyte count
|
4500ā11,000/mm3
|
4.5ā11.0 x 109/L
|
Segmented neutrophils
|
54%ā62%
|
0.54ā0.62
|
Bands
|
3%ā5%
|
0.03ā0.05
|
Eosinophils
|
1%ā3%
|
0.01ā0.03
|
Basophils
|
0%ā0.75%
|
0ā0.0075
|
Lymphocytes
|
25%ā33%
|
0.25ā0.33
|
Monocytes
|
3%ā7%
|
0.03ā0.07
|
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
|
25.4ā34.6 pg/cell
|
0.39ā0.54 fmol/cell
|
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
|
31%ā36% Hb/cell
|
4.81ā5.58 mmol Hb/L
|
Mean corpuscular volume
|
80ā100 µm3
|
80ā100 fL
|
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)
|
25ā40 seconds
|
25ā40 seconds
|
Platelet count
|
150,000ā400,000/mm3
|
150ā400 x 109/L
|
Prothrombin time
|
11ā15 seconds
|
11ā15 seconds
|
Reticulocyte count
|
0.5%ā1.5% of red cells
|
0.005ā0.015
|
Thrombin time
|
< 2 seconds deviation from control
|
< 2 seconds deviation from control
|
Volume
| ||
Plasma
|
Male: 25ā43 mL/kg
|
0.025ā0.043 L/kg
|
Female: 28ā45 mL/kg
|
0.028ā0.045 L/kg
| |
Red cell
|
Male: 20ā36 mL/kg
|
0.020ā0.036 L/kg
|
Female: 19ā31 mL/kg
|
0.019ā0.031 L/kg
|
Cerebral
Cell count
|
0ā5/mm3
|
0ā5 x 106/L
|
Chloride
|
118ā132 mEq/L
|
118ā132 mmol/L
|
Gamma globulin
|
3%ā12% total proteins
|
0.03ā0.12
|
Glucose
|
40ā70 mg/dL
|
2.2ā3.9 mmol/L
|
Pressure
|
70ā180 mm H2O
|
70ā180 mm H2O
|
Proteins, total
|
< 40 mg/dL
|
< 0.40 g/L
|
Sweat
|
Reference Range
|
SI Reference Intervals
|
Chloride
|
0ā35 mmol/L
|
0ā35 mmol/L
|
Urine
|
Reference Range
|
SI Reference Intervals
|
Calcium
|
100ā300 mg/24 h
|
2.5ā7.5 mmol/24 h
|
Chloride
|
Varies with intake
|
Varies with intake
|
Creatinine clearance
|
Male: 97ā137 mL/min
| |
Female: 88ā128 mL/min
| ||
Estriol, total (in pregnancy)
| ||
30 wks
|
6ā18 mg/24 h
|
21ā62 µmol/24 h
|
35 wks
|
9ā28 mg/24 h
|
31ā97 µmol/24 h
|
40 wks
|
13ā42 mg/24 h
|
45ā146 µmol/24 h
|
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids
|
Male: 3.0ā10.0 mg/24 h
|
8.2ā27.6 µmol/24 h
|
Female: 2.0ā8.0 mg/24 h
|
5.5ā22.0 µmol/24 h
| |
17-Ketosteroids, total
|
Male: 8ā20 mg/24 h
|
28ā70 µmol/24 h
|
Female: 6ā15 mg/24 h
|
21ā52 µmol/24 h
| |
Osmolality
|
50ā1400 mOsmol/kg H2O
| |
Oxalate
|
8ā40 µg/mL
|
90ā445 µmol/L
|
Potassium
|
Varies with diet
|
Varies with diet
|
Proteins, total
|
< 150 mg/24 h
|
< 0.15 g/24 h
|
Sodium
|
Varies with diet
|
Varies with diet
|
Uric acid
|
Varies with diet
|
Varies with diet
|